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Bali
Bali island and (with two offshore islets) province (1990
pop. 2,777,356), c.2,200 sq mi (5,700 sq km), E Indonesia,
westernmost of the Lesser Sundas, just E of Java across the
narrow Bali Strait. The capital is Denpasar. Although Bali
is relatively small, it is densely populated and culturally
and economically one of the most important islands of Indonesia.
Largely mountainous, with active volcanoes, it rises to 10,308
ft (3,142 m) at Mt. Agung; there is a great fertile plain
to the south. Fauna include tigers and deer. Bali is known
for its giant waringin trees, sacred to the inhabitants. The
Balinese (a Malayan group closely related to the Javanese)
are skillful farmers; rice, the chief crop, is grown with
the aid of elaborate irrigation systems. Vegetables, fruits,
coffee, and coconuts are also produced. Livestock is important;
pigs and cattle are major export items. Industries include
food processing, tourism, and handicrafts. The people are
noted for their artistic skill (especially wood carving),
and their high level of culture, which includes advanced forms
of music, folk drama, dancing, and architecture. They are
Hindu in a nation that is overwhelmingly Muslim; their unique
ritualistic culture, as well as the island's scenic beauty,
has made Bali one of the great tourist attractions of East
Asia. An international airport was opened in 1969.
Lombok
Lombok , island (1990 pop. 2,403,025), c.1,825 sq mi (4,725
sq km), E Indonesia, one of the Lesser Sundas, separated from
Bali by the Strait of Lombok. Mataram, with the port of Ampenan
nearby, is the chief town. The volcanic and mountainous terrain
rises to 12,224 ft (3,726 m) at Mt. Rinjani (Rindjani). Its
southern area is a fertile plain producing corn, rice, coffee,
cotton, and tobacco. The island is inhabited mainly by Sasaks,
Muslims of Malay descent; there are also Balinese and ethnic
Chinese. First visited by the Dutch in 1674, Lombok became
part of the Netherlands East Indies in 1894. The English naturalist
A. R. Wallace noted that Lombok is on the line where the fauna
of Asia and Australia meet. A state university is in Mataram.
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